Last Updated : 08 Jul, 2024
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In this C# (C Sharp) tutorial, whether you’re beginner or have experience with other programming languages, our free C# tutorials covers the basic and advanced concepts of C# including fundamentals of C#, including syntax, data types, control structures, classes, and objects.
You will also dive into more advanced topics like exception handling, and multithreading. So, whether you are looking to start a career in software development or simply want to expand your programming skills, our C# tutorial is the perfect place to start.
What is C# (C Sharp)
C# is the most common programming language used to develop multiple applications in the.NET framework, and it was introduced by Microsoft in 2000. It was designed to be a simple, object-oriented programming language that can be used to create a wide range of applications and software.
It features a clear syntax, an object-oriented nature, and platform independence, which makes it simpler for developers to organise their code and makes it more legible and manageable.
It is platform-independent in the sense that it may be used to create programmes that operate on different platforms such as Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile devices. This makes C# a versatile language.
Prerequisite to Learn C#
While there are no strict prerequisites to learning C#, it is a high-level language. So, if you have experience in any programming language like C or C++, then it will significantly enhance your learning experience.
C# Features
Simple
C# is a user-friendly language that offers a structured approach to problem-solving. it provides a wide range of library functions and data types to work.
Modern Programming Language
C# programming is a popular and powerful language that is for creating scalable, interoperable, and robust applications.
Object Oriented
C# is an object-oriented programming language, which makes development and maintenance easier. In contrast, with procedure-oriented programming languages, managing code becomes difficult as project size grows.
Type Safe
The code is type safe can only access memory locations that it has permission to execute. This feature significantly enhances program security.
Interoperability
The interoperability process allows C# programs to perform all the tasks that a native C++ application.
Scalable and Updateable
C# is a programming language that is scalable and can be updated automatically. To update our application, we remove the old files and replace them with new ones.
Component Oriented
It is widely used as a software development methodology to create applications that are more strong and can easily scale.
Structured Programming Language
C# is a structured programming language that allows us to divide programs into parts using functions, making it easy to understand and modify.
Fast Speed
The compilation and execution time of C# language is fast.
Recent Articles on C# !
Overview,Fundamentals,Important Keywords,Control Statements,OOP Concepts,Methods,Delegates,Constructors,Arrays,ArrayList,String,Tuple,ValueTuple,Indexers,Inheritance,Interfaces,Multithreading,Exception Handling,Collections and Generics,Collections Namespace,Generic Namespace,System Namespace,Specialized Namespace,What’s New in C# 8.0,Windows Forms
C# Tutorial- C# Index
Overview
- Introduction to .NET Framework
- .NET Framework (Basic Architecture and Component Stack)
- Managed code and Unmanaged code in .NET
- Managed vs Unmanaged Code
- CIL or MSIL
- .NET Framework Class Library (FCL)
- Introduction to C#
- Setting up the Environment in C#
- How to Install and Setup Visual Studio for C#?
- Evolution of C#
- Hello World in C#
- How to Execute C# Program on cmd (command-line)?
- Main Method
- Getting Familiar With Visual Studio
- Common Language Runtime(CLR)
- Architecture of Common Language Runtime (CLR)
- JIT(Just-In-Time) Compiler
- Garbage Collection
- Windows Form Applications
- C vs C#
- C++ vs C#
- Java vs C#
- Python vs C#
- Interesting Facts about C#
- Type System Unification in C# .NET
Fundamentals
- Identifiers
- Data Types
- Variables
- Types of Variables
- Implicitly Typed Local Variables – var
- Dynamic Type in C#
- var vs dynamic
- Binary Literals and Digit Separators
- Scope of Variables
- Access Modifiers
- Constants or Literals
- Operators
- Command Line Arguments
- Boxing and Unboxing
- Boxing vs UnBoxing
- Params in C#
- Comments in C#
- Type Casting or Type Conversion
- Enumeration in C#
- Properties in C#
- Nullable Types
- Structures
Important Keywords
- Keywords
- as Keyword
- is Keyword
- Is vs As operator keyword
- static keyword
- typeof Keyword
- Difference between readonly and const keyword
- ref keyword
Control Statements
- Decision-Making Statements
- Switch Statement
- Loops
- Foreach Loop
- Jump Statements(Break, Continue, Goto, Return and Throw)
OOP Concepts
- Class and Object
- Nested Classes
- Difference between Class and Structure
- Early and Late Binding
- Overloading of Constructors
- Inheritance in C#
- Encapsulation in C#
- Abstraction in C#
- this keyword
- Static Class
- Partial Classes
- Shallow Copy and Deep Copy
- Different ways to create an Object
- Object and Collection Initializer
- Accessing structure’s elements using Pointers
Methods
- Methods
- Method Overloading
- Method Returning an Object
- Method Parameters
- Runtime(Dynamic) Polymorphsim
- Method Overriding
- Method Hiding
- Method Overriding vs Method Hiding
- Optional Parameters
- Different ways to make Method Parameter Optional
- Out Parameters with examples
- Difference between Ref and Out keywords
- Anonymous Method
- Partial Methods
- Extension Method
- Local Function
Delegates
Constructors
- Constructors in C#
- Default Constructor
- Copy Constructor
- Private Constructor
- Constructor Overloading
- Static Constructors vs Non-Static Constructors
- Invoking an overloaded constructor using this keyword
- Destructors
Arrays
- Arrays
- Jagged Arrays
- Arrays of Strings
- Using foreach loop in arrays
- Array Class
- Sorting an Array
- Length of an Array
- Array.BinarySearch() Method
- Check if two array objects are equal or not
- Number of elements in a specified dimension of an Array
- LongLength property of an Array
- Rank of an Array
- Passing Arrays as Arguments
- Implicitly Typed Arrays
- Object and Dynamic Arrays
- Array IndexOutofRange Exception
- Different ways to sort an array in descending order
ArrayList
- What is ArrayList?
- How to create the ArrayList?
- ArrayList Class
- Array vs ArrayList
- Adding the elements to the end of the ArrayList
- Removing all the elements from the ArrayList
- Removing a range of elements from the ArrayList
- ArrayList to Array Conversion
- Copying the entire ArrayList to a 1-D Array
- Copying the entire ArrayList to 1-D Array starting at the specified index
- Check if two ArrayList objects are equal
String
- String
- Verbatim String Literal – @
- String Class
- String Class Properties
- How to use strings in switch statement
- StringBuilder in C#
- String vs StringBuilder
- Length of the StringBuilder
- Remove all characters from StringBuilder
- Check if two StringBuilder objects are Equal
- Capacity of a StringBuilder
Tuple
- What is Tuple in C#?
- Tuple Class
- Tuple<T1> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Class
- Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Class
ValueTuple
- What is ValueTuple in C#?
- ValueTuple Struct
- ValueTuple <T1> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Struct
- ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Struct
Indexers & Properties
Inheritance
- Inheritance in C#
- Multilevel Inheritance
- Multiple inheritance using interfaces
- Inheritance in Constructors
- Inheritance in Interfaces
- Abstract Classes
- Using sealed class to Prevent Inheritance
- Object Class
Interfaces
- Interface in C#
- How to use Interface References
- How to Implement Multiple Interfaces Having Same Method Name
- Difference between Abstract Class and Interface
- Delegates vs Interfaces
- Explicit Interface Implementation
Multithreading
- Introduction to Multithreading
- Types of Threads
- How to create Threads
- Main Thread
- Lifecycle and States of a Thread
- Thread Class
- Scheduling a thread for Execution
- Check whether a Thread is Alive or not
- Joining Threads
- Terminating a Thread
- Check whether a thread is a background thread or not
- Naming a thread and fetching name of current thread
- Thread Priority in Multithreading
Exception Handling
- Exceptions
- System Level Exception vs Application Level Exception
- How to use Multiple Catch Clause
- Nesting of try and catch blocks
- Using finally
Collections & Generics
- List
- SortedList with Examples
- HashSet
- SortedSet
- Dictionary with Examples
- SortedDictionary
- Hashtable with Examples
- Stack with Examples
- Queue with Examples
- LinkedList
- Hashtable vs Dictionary
- SortedList vs SortedDictionary
Collections Namespace
- C# | Stack Class
- C# | Queue Class
- C# | Array Class
- C# | ArrayList Class
- C# | Hashtable Class
- C# | BitArray Class
- C# | SortedList Class
Generic Namespace
- C# | HashSet<T> Class
- C# | LinkedList<T> Class
- C# | List<T> Class
- C# | SortedSet<T> Class
- Dictionary Class
- SortedDictionary Class
System Namespace
- BitConverter Class
- Console Class
- Convert Class
- Decimal Struct
- Byte Struct
- Char Struct
- Int16 Struct
- Int32 Struct
- Int64 Struct
- UInt16 Struct
- UInt32 Struct
- UInt64 Struct
Specialized Namespace
- C# | ListDictionary Class
- C# | StringCollection Class
- C# | OrderedDictionary Class
- C# | HybridDictionary Class
- C# | StringDictionary Class
What’s New in C# 8.0
Windows Forms
- What is Windows Forms(WF) in C#?
- Button Control
- Label Control
- RadioButton Control
- CheckBox Control
- TextBox Control
- ComboBox Control
- ToolTip Class
- RichTextBox Class
- MaskedBox Class
- NumericUpDown Class
- DateTimePicker Class
- ListBox Class
- GroupBox Class
- FlowLayoutPanel Class
Why use C#?
C# is a popular and simple-to-learn programming language with a large community and plain syntax. C# is an object-oriented programming language that makes code more structured, reusable, and interoperable with other languages. C# is a versatile programming language that can be used to create a broad variety of applications, including games, apps, websites, and advanced technologies such as AI and machine learning.
C# is used for:
- Mobile applications
- Desktop applications
- Web applications
- Web services
- Web sites
- Games
- VR
- Database applications
Advantages of C#
- Easy Syntax: C# is a simple syntax that is easy to learn for a beginner.
- Object-oriented Programming language: It is an object-oriented programming language used to make classes and objects.
- Versatile language: It is used to develop software, web applications, mobile apps, and games.
- Platform Independent: C# can be used to make apps that work on Windows, macOS, and mobile devices.
Audience
In the above section, we have already said that this free C# programming tutorial is designed to help both beginners and experienced.
FAQs on C#
Q.1 What is C# programming language used for?
Answer:
C# is a versatile programming language primarily used for developing Windows applications, web services, and games within the .NET framework.
Q.2 What is the advantage of ‘using’ statement in C#?
Answer:
The ‘using’ statement provides resources for processing before automatically disposing of it when execution is completed.
Q.3 What is serialization?
Answer:
To transport an object through a network, we need to convert it into a stream of bytes. It is called Serialization.
Q.4 What are the four steps involved in the C# code compilation?
Answer:
Four steps of code compilation in C# include:
- Source code compilation in managed code.
- Newly created code is merged with assembly code.
- The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is loaded.
- Assembly execution is done through CLR.
Q.5 How can I declare and initialize variables in C#?
Answer:
Variables are named containers that store values of different types. To declare a variable in C#, you need to specify its type and name.